Causes for Foot Cramps and How to Treat Them
Foot cramps are extremely common and can occur at any time, whether during exercise and activity, or during rest and sleep. Even the slightest movement, like pointing a toe (which shortens the muscle in the arch) can trigger a cramp.
Causes
The exact cause of foot cramps (and cramps in general) is unknown, but some researcher believe that inadequate stretching and muscle fatigue leads to abnormalities in the mechanisms that control muscle contraction. Other causes of muscle cramps may include:
Overuse of a muscle
Dehydration
Depletion of salt and minerals
Muscle strain or holding a position for a long time
Nerve damage - signals from the brain to the muscles don’t get through properly, resulting in cramps
Decreased circulation - long periods in the same position (while sleeping, for example), causes reduced oxygen levels in the muscles which can lead to cramping.
Muscle tightness - tightness in the calf muscle can cause calf cramps and tightness in foot muscles, which can cause foot and toe cramps.
Ill-fitting shoes - high heels or narrow pointed shoes increase the risk of cramping.
Treatment
Treatment for foot cramps can typically be taken care of using self-care measures:
While the foot is cramping, stretch the muscle away from the cramping position
Gently massage the muscle
Apply warmth from a heating pad
Replace fluid and electrolytes, if that is the cause of the cramping
Stretch before and after muscles are used for an extended period
Stretch before bedtime for night cramps
Where comfortable shoes with a wide toe box
